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If the spot assessor also didn’t know who had received which treatment, this would then be called double blind. Human nature being as it is, it is best to avoid subjective biases by using blind or double-blind procedures. 2. The general term for this type of design is between participants because the treatments vary between different participants (cf. within participants design above). It is often quicker to do than repeated measures as everyone may be tested at the same time, but it requires more participants in order to obtain convincing results – as each person does not act as their own control, or have a matched control, unlike the related samples design.
We call variables that are not described by a number, qualitative variables. You may also hear them called categorical variables. It is often stated that qualitative variables cannot be organised into a meaningful sequence. If we were to make a list of eye colours it wouldn’t matter if we ordered it ‘blue, brown, green, grey’ or ‘green, 4 CH 1 INTRODUCING VARIABLES, POPULATIONS AND SAMPLES blue, grey, brown’, as long as all the categories of eye colour are present we can write the list in any order we wish and it would make sense.
Someone else repeating the study should be able to obtain similar results if they take the same degree of care over collecting the data. Speaking of the accuracy of measurements, it is worth mentioning that there will often be some kind of error involved in taking them. These can be small errors of discrepancy between the actual value and what our instrument tells us. g. typos). ), and statisticians also call this ‘error’, because it deviates from the true population value. These errors are usually random deviations around the true value that we are interested in, and they are known as random error.