By Åshild Næss
This e-book offers a useful research of a proposal which has won substantial value in cognitive and sensible linguistics during the last couple of a long time, particularly 'prototypical transitivity'. It discusses what prototypical transitivity is, why it may exist, and the way it's going to be outlined, in addition to how this definition might be hired within the research of a few phenomena of language, akin to case-marking, experiencer buildings, and so-called ambitransitives. additionally mentioned is how a prototype research pertains to different methods to transitivity, akin to that in line with markedness. the elemental declare is that transitivity is iconic: a development with specified, self sustaining arguments is prototypically used to consult an occasion with special, autonomous individuals. From this precept, a unified account of the homes regularly linked to transitivity could be derived, and a proof for why those homes are likely to correlate throughout languages could be given.
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Chapter 3. Defining the transitive prototype murdering someone is an act which necessarily involves a volitional agent; in other words, John’s role in the event is partly defined by the property of volitionality. The term “volitionality” will here be used for a fairly broadly defined concept as far as the precise nature of the participant’s involvement is concerned: a participant will be taken to be volitional if its involvement in the event in question is partly defined by its being volitional or sentient.
G. DeLancey 1984, Givón 1985a, Langacker 1991). Prompted by the large amounts of discussion and the persistent failure of the linguistic community to reach any kind of consensus over the matter, many linguists have questioned the possibility of achieving a unitary definition of the category “agent”, or even the relevance of the concept as such. Dowty (1991) writes that “[agent] is in some sense a very intuitive role, but it is one of the hardest to pin down”, citing approaches such as Jackendoff (1987) where a division is made between “Agent” and “Actor”, and the aforementioned Cruse (1973) where “agentive” is distinguished from both “volitive”, “effective” and “initiative” (Dowty 1991 :553).
G. 2001. Experiencer constructions will be discussed in more detail in chapter 8). g.