By Ricardo Insausti
The postnatal improvement of the human hippocampal formation (HF) is topic of accelerating curiosity as a result of its implication in vital pathologies that bog down the conventional improvement of youngsters. during this paintings, the authors current a glimpse of the most occasions that represent very important milestones within the improvement and shaping of a few of crucial mental functions reminiscent of autobiographical reminiscence. even if they tested a few instances within the final trimester of gestation, their description starts off at beginning, round forty gestational weeks. Serial sections with thionin for Nissl research published that every one fields of the HF have been current and identifiable at start. although, the relative progress of the cortical mantle was once a lot better relative to the HF. the most structural adjustments came about throughout the first postnatal yr, particularly within the dentate gyrus and within the entorhinal cortex. At next a while, a progress in measurement used to be famous in all parts of the HF. This development used to be extra glaring on the physique and tail of the hippocampus, as evidenced by way of measurements of the neuroanatomical sequence. furthermore, the authors tested at times the MRI visual appeal of the HF at assorted postnatal a long time got by way of autopsy imaging. MRI neuroanatomical sequence supplied anatomically pointed out landmarks beneficial for the MRI id of alternative elements of the HF in the course of postnatal development.
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Sample text
The presubiculum presents a mature appearance at birth (Fig. 8a). Both the lamina principalis externa and the lamina principalis interna are patent, separated by the lamina dissecans. The lamina principalis externa of the presubiculum closest to the subiculum is always broken into clumps of small cells, the most medial of which are usually located in the thick molecular layer of the subiculum (see above). The lamina principalis interna is much more homogeneous, and although it contains many immature-looking neurons, it is clearly demarcated from the rounded distal extreme of the subiculum (see Fig.
3c, d). A gross examination of the medial temporal lobe indicates that it is mainly the body and tail of the hippocampus that present the greatest increases in length during the first postnatal year. Moreover, an overall microscopic examination reveals that the rostrocaudal sequence of the different components of the MTL (HF and PHR) maintain their relative positions along the rostrocaudal axis during postnatal development. Although we will consider this in more depth later, the set of low-power photomicrographs shown in Figs.
We observed cells with this morphology (presumably glial cells) in the molecular layer of the DG, which contains few neurons. As they can also be found in other parts of the central nervous system, such as the white matter, we feel inclined to include them as glial cells, in agreement with Seress (Seress 2001; Seress et al. 2001). Overall, in Nissl-stained preparations, the most noticeable layer in the DG is the granule cell layer (Amaral et al. 2007). The granule cell layer is approximately 6–10 cells thick (counted by their nuclei), with oval nuclei.