By Max J. Riedl
Optical layout: utilizing the basics is written for engineers and scientists who've a few event within the box of optics and wish to grasp extra in regards to the information and derivations of equations utilized in optical layout. geared up via topic, the ebook starts off with the elemental legislations of geometric optics, Snell's legislation of refraction, and states the paraxial ray hint equations, then strikes directly to skinny lenses and more and more refined parts and multi-element structures. each one topic is roofed extensive and gives finished details on functionality and obstacles. whereas the textual content is predicated on common optical legislation, specified emphasis has been put on the 2, significant infrared areas the mid wave (MWIR) and the lengthy wave (LWIR). this is often fairly very important with reference to diffractive hybrids, that have came across their position in those lengthy wavelength parts for the correction of chromatic aberrations and athermalization. reviews in terms of unmarried element diamond turning have additionally been incorporated simply because this approach is predominantly used to provide optical parts for the infrared areas. Contents - legislations of Refraction: the basis of Geometrical Optics - Optics basics - most sensible Shapes for a number of skinny Lenses, Aspherizing, and the ordinary cease place - Transition from a skinny Lens to a Thick Lens - Achromats - platforms with Separated elements - From An Air-Spaced Doublet to a Triplet - A Hybrid for 2 Wavelengths - Athermats - The Ball Lens - Siedel and the Pegel Diagrams - The Single-Imaging reflect - 8 unmarried Optical parts as Imaging ambitions - A development of functionality with a rise in Lens Complexity - Two-Mirror structures as Telescope and Microscope goals - The Plane-Parallel Plate - MTF, Limits, and Pixel Sizes - info of a Hybrid Lens - From the Hoegh Meniscus to Double Anastigmats - Index
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Additional info for Optical Design: Applying the Fundamentals (SPIE Tutorial Text Vol. TT84) (SPIE Tutorial Texts)
Example text
As will be discussed in Chapter 4, this attribute is the main justification for correcting chromatic aberration in the infrared regions with diffractive phase profiles. 140 mm. 5 shows the spot diagram of a thick lens, which was obtained with a computer ray-trace program. 5 Computer ray trace confirms validity of thin-lens calculations for onaxis aberrations (spherical and chromatic). 6 Thin lens with added field for object at infinity. The principal ray is an oblique ray that goes through the center of the aperture stop, which is located here at the lens.
To also correct for coma, the shapes of the elements need to be changed. 1 This is done to provide more insight into the method of aberration correction. 5 The presence of coma indicates the need for further correction. This is also indicated in the modulation transfer function shown in Fig. 6. 6 The modulation transfer function drops off drastically for the 2-deg offaxis point. 7 Improvement of blur spot after optimization. 2 Optimizing We include the off-axis aberrations and computer-optimize the configuration from above.
It is frequently used to correct chromatic aberration, and by aspherizing at least one surface, one can also control the spherical aberration. Because most of the infrared materials have a mild spectral dispersion (high Abbe number), the required number of zones for the diffractive phase profile is low. Both the aspheric shape and the diffractive structure can be conveniently generated with the process of single-point diamond turning on an ultra-precision lathe. For protective reasons, the preferred arrangement is to place the asphere with the diffractive profile on the second surface.