By Olaf Stenzel
The booklet bridges the distance among primary physics classes (such as optics, electrodynamics, quantum mechanics and strong kingdom physics) and hugely really good literature at the spectroscopy, layout, and alertness of optical skinny movie coatings. simple wisdom from the above-mentioned classes is for that reason presumed. ranging from primary physics, the publication permits the reader derive the speculation of optical coatings and to use it to essentially very important spectroscopic difficulties. either classical and semiclassical techniques are integrated. Examples describe the total variety of classical optical coatings in numerous spectral areas in addition to hugely really expert new issues corresponding to rugate filters and resonant grating waveguide buildings. the second one version has been up to date and prolonged with admire to probing topic in several spectral areas, homogenous and inhomogeneous line broadening mechanisms and the Fresnel formulation for the impression of planar interfaces.
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Additional info for The Physics of Thin Film Optical Spectra: An Introduction
Example text
Naturally, the refractive index appears to be frequency dependent (so-called dispersion of the refractive index). 17). 17), while its imaginary part (the so-called extinction coefficient) K is responsible for the damping of a wave. 16), we obtain for the amplitude of the wave: x Eampl ¼ E0 eÀ c Kz Because the intensity I of the wave is proportional to the square of the field amplitude modulus, the intensity damps inside the medium as: x I ¼ I ðz ¼ 0ÞeÀ2 c Kz I ðz ¼ 0ÞeÀaz : ð2:19Þ 18 2 The Linear Dielectric Susceptibility This exponential decay of light intensity for a wave travelling in a lossy medium is well known as Beer’s law of absorption with a frequency-dependent absorption coefficient α defined as: að x Þ ¼ 2 x K ðx Þ c ð2:20aÞ In terms of the identities: m 1 x ¼ k 2pc where ν is the wavenumber and λ the wavelength in vacuum, we come to a more familiar expression: aðmÞ ¼ 4pmK ðmÞ ð2:20bÞ Although the refractive index n and the extinction coefficient K are dimensionless, the absorption coefficient is given in reciprocal length units, usually in reciprocal centimetres.
20) it follows immediately that Emicr ¼ eþ2 E 3 ð3:22aÞ This is valid for the assumed spherical cavity in the continuum. For ε > 1, the microscopic field exceeds the average field due to the surface charges at the cavity borders, as indicated in Fig. 2. In fact, our treatment also allows accounting for simple cases of optical anisotropy. 22a). 2 The Oscillator Model for Bound Charge Carriers 35 Emicr ¼ E ð3:22bÞ On the contrary, in a pancake-shaped cavity perpendicular to E, the surface charges in the cavity would completely compensate those at the outer boundary of the dielectric, so that the microscopic field inside the cavity equals the external electric field that would be measured outside the dielectric.
18), it seems straightforward to calculate the macroscopic polarization vector P from the induced dipole moments. After that, we may find the susceptibilities. 17). 5) is the average field in the medium. It is formed from the external field and the field of the dipoles in the medium. 17) describes a microscopic dipole moment, and the field is the microscopic (or local) field acting on the selected dipole. The question is, whether or not these fields are identical. In the general case, these fields are different, and the aim of this section is to derive an equation that allows us to calculate the microscopic field for the special case of optically isotropic materials.