By Professor Dr. Dr. h.c. Hermann Haken, Professor Dr. Hans Christoph Wolf (auth.)
The 3rd variation had already been enlarged through the inclusion of latest advancements similar to the direct remark of person atoms in Paul traps, and of atoms in molecules on good surfaces utilizing the scanning tunneling microscope. additionally, new experiments in atomic interferometry and the potential of laser cooling of atomic beams have been extra. The fourth English version takes minor corrections and additions under consideration and is still a different advent to either experiments and concept of the physics of atoms and quanta. the scholar will locate one hundred sixty difficulties and their strategies, making this booklet a true research text.
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Extra info for The Physics of Atoms and Quanta: Introduction to Experiments and Theory
Example text
The model states that: N 10 5 10 4 103 10 2 sin 41. 2 10 To pump Fig. 4. Experimental setup for the investigation of Rutherford scattering: alpha particles from the radioactive source R are scattered by the foil F. The light flashes which are produced by the scintillation screen S are observed through the observation telescope L. The chamber can be evacuated and the observation lens L may be turned around the foil axis by means of the ground-glass joint J Fig. 5. Graphical representation of the experimental results of Geiger and Marsden for the Rutherford scattering of alpha particles by a gold foil.
4 Determination of the Size of the Atom Scintillator Light guide Photocathode Eye screen () Electrodes ("dynodes") Fig. 17. Spinthariscope, schematic illustration. The fluorescent screen scintillates due to the irradiation from the radioactive source. The scintillation processes may be observed through the magnifying lens Fig. 1S. Schematic diagram of a scintillation detector. The light flashes which are produced in the scintillator by the incident radiation pass through the light guide to the photocathode of an electron multiplier tube.
I. ' ~ ;- .... ' , . ,'. ', ' ' but at the cost of intensity. This represents the principal problem for the experimentalist. , for the measurement of the so-called mass defect, but also for problems in analysis and structure determination in chemistry, Sect. 4. , the possibility of separating two masses with the values m and m+LJm, is more than 100000. An example is shown in Fig. 6. 3 Results of Mass Spectrometry In atomic physics, mass spectrometers are primarily of interest as instruments for analysing the isotopic composition of chemical elements.