By Jorge Fernando Genise
This publication is dedicated to the ichnology of bugs, and linked hint fossils, in soils and paleosols. The lines defined right here, in general nests and pupation chambers, contain probably the most complicated architectures produced through animals. Chapters discover the partitions, shapes and fillings of hint fossils by means of their classifications and ichnotaxonomy. designated descriptions and interpretations for various teams of bugs like bees, ants, termites, dung beetles and wasps also are supplied.
Chapters additionally spotlight the the paleoenvironmental value of insect hint fossils in paleosols for paleontological reconstructions, sedimentological interpretation, and ichnofabrics research. Readers will observe how insect hint fossils act as actual proof for reconstructing the evolution of habit, phylogenies, prior geographical distributions, and to understand how bugs completed many of the extra advanced architectures. The booklet will entice researchers and graduate scholars in ichnology, sedimentology, paleopedology, and entomology and readers attracted to insect architecture.
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Extra info for Ichnoentomology: Insect Traces in Soils and Paleosols
Example text
Arrows show oxidized layers at different distances from the chamber lumen (b) Scale: 5 mm, (c, d) Scale: 1 cm. (f) Thin section of the wall of a sphinx pupation chamber showing the same layers than (c) (Scale: 5 mm) (taken from Genise et al. 2 Wall Types 19 Fig. 11 A larva of a sphinx moth constructing the pupation chamber by pressing the soil wall after discharging abundant liquid excretions (below) (drawing by Daniel Speranza) Fig. 12 Thin section of the nest’s wall of Camponotus fastigatus (Formicidae) showing a clay lining.
In Fictovichnus sciuttoi, interpreted as wasp cocoons, the wall shows a helical surface morphology composed of fine, dense ridges impressed over wide, flattened lobes (Genise et al. 2007; Chap. 10). Silky wasp cocoons may show the arrangement of the weave from longitudinal sinuous ridges or lobes, to grilled patterns resulting from a double helical arrangement. The grilled patterns in turn result in the presence of small lobes (Evans 1966; Evans and West Eberhard 1970; Genise et al. 2007; Chap. 9).
21). The materials that comprise free standing walls range from organic secretions and excretions to discrete sediment grains or pellets. Free standing walls are produced by many continental trace makers with well-known attributed trace fossils including termites, wasps and caddisflies (Chap. 18). Once the empty spaces of chambers where they are constructed are filled, free standing walls may have a similar appearance to linings, and mostly during the taphonomic process the space between the boundary and the free-standing walls may collapse reinforcing the appearance of a lining.