By Attila Bruni
Entrepreneurship will be learn as a cultural and monetary phenomenon. lately, gender has develop into an expanding impression on entrepreneurship. This groundbreaking new research considers either gender and entrepreneurship as symbolic types, their diversified styles and social illustration. featuring an ethnographic examine of the gender structuring of entrepreneurship, this paintings employs 3 strategies:A severe survey of gender reports which argues that entrepreneurship is a cultural version of masculinity that obstructs the expression of alternative models;'Reflexive' ethnographic commentary performed in 5 small companies which describes how company cultures are 'gendered' and the way gender is the fabricated from a social practice;An research of the way discursive and narrative practices in enterprise cultures represent gender and entrepreneurship.
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Extra info for Gender and Entrepreneurship: An Ethnographic Approach
Sample text
A theoretical framework 37 On the one hand, modernist viewpoints pursue a project to identify the ways in which knowledge is gendered and to give visibility to feminine knowledge that has been marginalized or suppressed. They seek to legitimize a political subject – women – and conduct research from the women’s standpoint. On the other hand, gender studies informed by a postmodern sensibility question subjectivity and awareness of its discursive ‘positioning’. The subject position (Foucault, 1986) becomes a ‘positioning’ enacted and performed within an institutionalized use of language and other similar sign systems.
Therefore ‘doing gender’ while ‘doing business’ is the focus of our theoretical framework. The centrality of discursive practices shifts the concept of doing gender from activity toward ‘performativity’, a concept introduced by Judith Butler (1990, 1994, 1999) and subsequently taken up by actor-network theory (Law, 1999), and by other analyses which question organizational identities (Dent and Whitehead, 2001; Bruni and Gherardi, 2001). Butler (1990: xii) proposes ‘parodic practices based on a performative theory of gender acts that disrupt the categories of the body, sex, gender and sexuality and occasion their subversive resignification and proliferation beyond the binary frame’.
Non-opportunistic relationships are valued. Careers are defined in terms of service to others. Commitment to employee growth. Creation of a caring community. Power sharing. Clear goals arrived at through consensual process. Using feminist practical reasoning. Doing consciousness raising. Promoting community and cooperation. Promoting democracy and participation. Promoting subordinate empowerment, power as obligation. Promoting nurturing and caring. Striving for transformational outcomes. Source: Calàs and Smircich, 1996: 228.