By Richard Frucht
A modern research of the folks, cultures, and society in the areas that make up jap Europe.
• Discusses the geography, background, political improvement, and economic system of countries akin to Poland, Lithuania, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Albania, and plenty of others
• comprises ancient profiles of vital humans comparable to Konstantin Päts and Lydia Koidula, cultural occasions resembling the tune competition, and key occasions reminiscent of the sinking of the ferry Estonia
• provides maps of the total sector and every of the sixteen international locations, together with Latvia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, and Greece
• contains discussions of japanese ecu languages
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Additional info for Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture
Example text
At the same time, when Western Europe was decimated by the Black Death, Poland developed quickly and reached Western levels in its economy and culture. JAGIELLONIAN POLAND: FOURTEENTH TO SIXTEENTH CENTURY Casimir had no acceptable heir, and due to a dynastic agreement, following his death the crown of Poland went to Louis d’Anjou, the king of Hungary. Louis rarely visited Poland and neglected it. To placate the Polish opposition and to assure the Polish throne for one of his daughters, Louis gave the gentry privileges, issued in Ko≥ice in 1374.
This led to new opportunities for Polish industry, which recaptured the Russian markets. The Crimean War had created a demand for grain, and mass sugar production began. 8 million people in 1860. Warsaw, with 180,000 inhabitants in 1830, grew to a size of 230,000 in 1860. Emancipation and assimilation of the Jews started. Over 50 percent of peasants paid rents and were free of serfdom. In 1859 the Russians asked the Agricultural Society to prepare a land reform project for the Congress Kingdom.
This first modern European constitution (and the second one in the world, preceded only by the document drawn up in 1787 in the United States) reflected the lessons of the Enlightenment and the French and American Revolutions. 16 POLAND It replaced the elective monarchy with a hereditary constitutional one and offered the throne, surprisingly, to the Wettin dynasty. This constitution completed the union with Lithuania, creating one government, one administration system, one army, and one treasury for the two parts of the Commonwealth.