By Jay D. Humphrey
The energy of the cardiovascular procedure, which is composed of the guts, vas culature, and blood, will depend on its reaction to a bunch of advanced stimuli, together with organic, chemical, electric, mechanical, and thermal. the focal point of this ebook, in spite of the fact that, is at the reaction of the center and arteries to mechanical rather a lot from the viewpoint of nonlinear reliable mechanics. via my very own examine during this box, i've got come to gain that learn ing the advanced responses of cardiovascular cells, tissues, and organs nec essarily calls for a mixed theoretical, experimental, and computational strategy. thought is required to lead the functionality and interpretation of experiments in addition to to synthesize the implications; scan is required to check the responses of the method to well-controlled lots and to check can didate hypotheses and theories; and because of the geometric and fabric non linearities inherent to cardiovascular mechanics, computation is required to research facts in addition to to unravel boundary and preliminary worth difficulties that correspond to both experimental or in vivo stipulations. one of many fundamental objectives of this publication is to introduce jointly easy analytical, experimental, and computational tools and to demonstrate how those tools can and has to be built-in to achieve a extra whole figuring out of the bio mechanics of the guts and vasculature. regardless of the focal point on cardiovascu lar mechanics, the elemental tools, certainly a few of the particular effects, are commonly acceptable to many various tender tissues.
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Additional resources for Cardiovascular Solid Mechanics: Cells, Tissues, and Organs
Example text
In the case of elastin, there are two basic ways this has been attempted: one can use collagenases to digest any collagen in the tissue sample or one can exploit the thermal stability of elastin. Among others, Lillie et al (1994) chose the latter based on prior studies that suggest that collagenases may affect the structure of elastin. , degrade) the collagen (45%) and kill the smooth muscle (25%). In comparison to elastin, which contains extensive desmosine cross-links, collagen is certainly much easier to denature thermally since one only needs to lyse the hydrogen bonds that stabilize the triple helix.
Niedermuller H, M Skalicky, G Hofecker, A Kment (1977) Investigations on the kinetics of collagen-metabolism in young and old rats. Exp Gerontal 12:159-168. Nimni ME (1992) Collagen in cardiovascular tissue. In: Cardiovascular Biomaterials (GW Hastings, ed). Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 81-141. Ninomiya Y, BR Olsen, T Ooyama (1998) Extracellular Matrix-Cell Interaction: Molecules to Disease. Karger, Basel. Oden JT (1972) Finite Elements of Nonlinear Continua. McGraw-Hill, New York. Osborne WA (1909) The elasticity of rubber balloons and hollow viscera.
Strictly speaking, elastic fibers in the ECM consist of two components, one microfibrillar (10-nm diameter) and one amorphous. Whereas the former is not well understood, the amorphous (major) portion is called elastin. It consists of a polypeptide chain of -786 amino acid residues, the majority of which are glycine, alanine, and proline. Elastin is synthesized in In contrast, many intracellular proteins have half-lives of hours or days (Alberts et al, 1994). 6 22 1. Introduction minutes as the precursor, proelastin, via normal pathways-mRNA, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, etc.