By J. E. Slansky, P. J. Farnham (auth.), Dr. Peggy J. Farnham (eds.)
It is of serious significance to keep up a suitable stability among proliferation and quiescence or differentiation via out the lifespan of all animals. a massive keep an eye on aspect during this stability happens within the G, section of the mobilephone cycle. at the foundation of environmental cues a mobilephone in G, needs to make a decision even if to proceed in the course of the proliferative cycle and input S section (where DNA replication happens) or to go out from the proliferative cycle right into a nonreplicating kingdom. adjustments within the mechanisms that nor mally keep an eye on this determination can result in melanoma, mobilephone dying, or lack of differentiated mobile phenotypes. The id of the E2F gene family members of transcription elements has allowed a extra whole knowing of the way the telephone continues an appropri ate proliferative country. This quantity offers an updated ac count number of current studies referring to E2F in addition to a framework for destiny investigations. E2F job calls for heterodimerization of 2 companions. both companion may be among the many assorted transcription components; E2Fl, E2F2, E2F3, E2F4, or E2F5 can heterodimerize with both DPl or DP2. mobile promoters whose E2F websites mediate a hyperlink among transcription and proliferation force genes whose items are required for DNA synthesis and genes that encode regulators of telephone progress. an in depth analY$is of the function that E2F kin play in transcription from those promoters is gifted within the bankruptcy by way of J. E. SLANSKY and P. J. FARNHAM.
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Extra resources for Transcriptional Control of Cell Growth: The E2F Gene Family
Example text
Mol Cell Bioi 12: 2455-2463 Kim YK, Lee AS (1991) Identification of a 7Q-base-pair cell cycle regulatory unit within the promoter of the human thymidine kinase gene and its interaction with cellular factors. Mol Cell Bioi 10: 2296-2302 Kim YK, Lee AS (1992) Identification of a protein-binding site in the promoter of the human thymidine kinase gene required for the G1-S-regulated transcription. J Bioi Chem 267: 2723-2727 Kovesdi I. Reichel R, Nevins JR (1986) Identification of a cellular transcription factor involved In E1A transactivation.
1989; LUDLOW et al. 1990; DECAPRIO et al. 1989, 1992). The timing of pRB hyperphosphorylation closely coincides with passage of the cell through the G,JS restriction point, which is when a cell commits itself to a round of DNA replication and cell division. This tight correspondence suggests that pRB hyperphosphorylation is a critical event in the cell's committing itself to completion of a cell cycle. pRB is phosphorylated at amino acid residues that fall within consensus target sites for the cdk family (LEES et al.
1992; ZAMAN IAN and LA THANGUE 1993; ZHU et al. 1993). Phosphorylation or sequestration of Rb by viral oncoproteins can free E2F. The influence of viral oncoproteins on E2F activity and the regulation of the different E2F complexes is the focus of the contributions by COBRINIK and by CRESS and NEVENS. The interaction of the free E2F induces a bend in the DNA that may also playa role in transactivation, perhaps by bringing proteins (such as an Sp1 or CCAAT family member) separated by distance on the promoter DNA into contact (HUBER et al.