By Ralph E. Luker
In an important revision of accredited knowledge, this e-book, initially released via UNC Press in 1991, demonstrates that American social Christianity performed a massive position in racial reform through the interval among Emancipation and the civil rights circulation. As corporations created by means of the heirs of antislavery sentiment foundered within the mid-1890s, Ralph Luker argues, a brand new new release of black and white reformers—many of them representatives of yankee social christianity—explored quite a few strategies to the matter of racial clash. a few of them helped to arrange the Federal Council of church buildings in 1909, whereas others back to abolitionist and residential missionary techniques in organizing the NAACP in 1910 and the nationwide city League in 1911. A part century later, such firms shaped the institutional middle of America's civil rights circulation. Luker additionally exhibits that the black prophets of social Christianity who espoused theological personalism created an influential culture that at last produced Martin Luther King Jr.
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At the turn of the century, conservative Northern white philanthropists and Southern educators formed an alliance with Booker T. Washington to promote public education in the South. Black migration to cities built a constituency for black urban reformers with institutional bases in missions, institutional churches, and settlement houses within the black community. But disfranchisement, lynching, peonage, and urban riots created a new sense of racial crisis. Aroused by the new sense of crisis, black and white racial reformers, many of them spokesmen for American social Christianity, explored a variety of uniracial and biracial means of addressing the situation.
Its supporters included Henry Ward Beecher, James Freeman Clarke, Robert Collyer, Stephen Colwell, William Channing Gannett, and Edward Everett Hale. The size of the task in the South required a united effort, they believed, bringing Congregationalists, Episcopalians, Methodists, Presbyterians, Quakers, and Unitarians into the cooperative venture. "We have not only to conquer the South,we have also to convert it," Abbott argued. "We have not only to occupy it by bayonets and bullets,but also by ideas and institutions.
Harvey Stanford University Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty The University of Chicago Ninian Smart University of California at Santa Barbara and the University of Lancaster Page iii The Social Gospel in Black and White American Racial Reform, 1885-1912 Ralph E. Luker Page iv © 1991 The University of North Carolina Press All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources.