By Felicia Lee
San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec, an endangered and little-examined indigenous language of Mexico, exhibits various syntactic and morphological phenomena incompatible with common Minimalist money owed of verb circulate. This paintings proposes a VP-remnant elevating account for those phenomena, prompted by way of Kayne’s (1992) antisymmetry application. The publication additionally examines the results of phrasal remnant stream for negation structures, and the translation of stressful, element, and mood.
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Extra resources for Remnant Raising and VSO Clausal Architecture: A Case Study of San Lucas Quiavini Zapotec
Example text
CP C’ C IP V DP subj I’ I tv VP V’ V tv DP obj In support of this thesis, Emonds cites Greenberg s Sixth Universal (1966), which claims that all VSO languages also have alternate SVO word order, and his Twelfth Universal, which asserts that languages with 4 A number of the following alternate proposals for deriving VSO word order were developed before Pollock s (1989) idea (which I have assumed throughout this work) that verbal inflectional material is contained in separate functional projections including tense (TP) and agreement (AgrP).
The requirement that tree structures be completely antisymmetric, with dominance and linear ordering determined by c-command relations as defined in (34), results in a highly constrained set of possible structures that is still capable of allowing a wide variety of possible word orderings. Because only full XPs may c-command and be c-commanded, per Kayne’s definition, segments are invisible to calculation of c-command relations, phrasal projections are limited to specifiers (phrasal projections adjoined to the left of other phrasal projections: YP in Figure (36) is the specifier of XP), heads (terminals of phrasal projections, such as X in Figure (36)), and complements (phrasal projections generated as sisters to heads, which appear to the right of heads: ZP in Figure (36), for instance, is the complement of XP): 36.
3 In simple VSO sentences, possessed , objjjects, but not subjects, may be marked with -ni : 5. 6. poss. poss Mike “Hisi brother hit Mikei” This clearly shows that subjects and objects are not in a symmetric relation with each other in either SLQZ or Niuean, and suggests that VSO word order involves more hierarchy than the flat structure in (1) presumes. 3 See Munro (1995) for a detailed description of the distribution and usage of -ni’. 2 VSO Derived from SVO: An Overview 4 Later alternatives to the flat structure are based on the assumption that VSO word order is derived from SVO word order by additional movement (either movement of the verb to the left of the subject, as proposed by Emonds 1980, among others); or movement of the subject to the right of the verb (as suggested by Choe 1987 and Chung 1990); or less movement (assuming subjects are generated VP-internally, subjects may potentially remain situ in VP while the verb itself raises to the left of the subject to the inflectional position in which verbs normally surface in SVO languages (Koopman and Sportiche 1991)).