By Adriana Belletti, Luigi Rizzi
The essays accumulated during this quantity, so much formerly unpublished, tackle a few heavily interconnected matters raised through the comparative syntax of practical heads in the Principles-and-Parameters method. the overall concept of head stream, the houses of derived constructions created by way of incorporation, and the parameterization concerned are the most theoretical foci. One significant empirical zone that's addressed matters head stream in configurations concerning definite forms of operator-like parts, for instance, the various manifestations of Verb moment phenomena in Wh and different buildings and the syntax of unfavourable heads and specifiers. moreover, houses of practical heads and head circulate in nominal and clausal buildings and the causative development are investigated.
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Extra resources for Parameters and Functional Heads: Essays in Comparative Syntax (Oxford Studies in Comparative Syntax)
Example text
A. . hatte das Kind dieses Brot gegessen b. *... das Kind hatte dieses Brot gegessen . . , all V2 structures receive the same analysis: The finite verb is in C°. This entails that das Kind in 30a is in IP-spec but in CP-spec in 30b: THE VERB ALWAYS LEAVES IP IN V2 CLAUSES 23 In 3la the extraction does not violate any constraints; the empty embedded CPspec contains an intermediate trace of the extracted adjunct. 16 This analysis of 30b would, on first view, seem not to be open to Travis' version of the asymmetry approach, as there it is claimed that the subject of subject-initial V2 structures is in IP-spec.
The data argue only against the subject being in VP-spec in such clauses and argue only indirectly in favor of the initial element being in IP-spec, as this presupposes that there is only one functional head between C° and V°, namely 1°. We will start out with Icelandic since the data are clearer here. In Icelandic embedded non-subject-initial V2 clauses, the subject always precedes the sentential adverbial: (61) Ic. a. Hann veit aS k-innski las Jon aldrei bokina b. *Hann veit a5 kannski las aldrei Jon bokina He knows that maybe read (Jon) never (Jon) book-the c.
B. Yi. az 'that', (like Ic. ad 'that') obligatorily selects CP (viz. [CP [c; az/a5 [CP . . ] ] ] ). We start with object extractions (the base position is thus to the right of the embedded verb leyenen 'read'). As above, the V2 clause is bracketed and the element in the specifier-position of the V2 clause is underlined (the underlined element is thus in IP-spec in Diesing's analysis and in CP-spec in ours) (Diesing 1990:71-72, ex. 49): (54) Yi. a. Vos hot er nit gevolt az [mir zoln leyenen -] ?