By K. Gavroglu, Ana Simoes
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Example text
Syrkin, who later wrote one of the standard textbooks on quantum chemistry and who was to oppose his colleagues’ critical stand against Pauling’s ideas in quantum chemistry (see chapter 2). By the end of 1936, he had been granted a doctoral degree that made him eligible for a lectureship at universities in the Soviet Union. He was given various prizes for his research, was invited to present his research to the Academy of Sciences, and on January 1, 1937, he was promoted to a full member of the institute, a position that corresponded with a professorship.
London’s group theoretical approach to chemical valence was formed around three axes. First, anything that may give a rather strong correlation between qualitative assessments of a theoretical calculation and the “known chemical facts” provided a strong backing for the methodological correctness of the approach chosen by expressing the observed regularities as rules. Second, because analytic calculations were hopelessly complicated and in most cases impossible, the use of group theoretical methods was especially convenient when one was dealing with the valence numbers of polyelectronic atoms, as the outcome was expressed either as zero or in natural numbers.
It was the actual chemical behavior of molecules that was the primary concern of the pragmatic chemist, rather than the imposition of an electronic system of notation on these formulas that was further complicated by the metaphysical speculations involving the unsolved problems about the constitution of the atom. Fry had to admit the obvious fact that as 22 Chapter 1 the chemists will know more about the constitution of the atom, they would be able to explain more fully chemical properties. He warned, though, that premises lying outside the territory of sensation experience are bound to lead to contradictory conclusions, quoting Immanuel Kant and, surely, becoming the only chemist to use Kant’s ideas to convince other chemists about an issue in chemistry!