By John Carroll
This can be the main exhaustive examine to this point on typical fuel hydrates. despite their value, hydrates are misunderstood, and misconceptions abound. This e-book offers a correct assessment of what hydrates are and less than what stipulations they'll shape, and it presents the engineer with the ways to expect the occurrences of hydrates. The petroleum spends thousands each year to strive against the formation of hydrates, the cast, crystalline compounds that shape from water and small molecules, destructive gear and plugging transmission traces. realizing how, while, and the place they shape and utilizing this information to use treatments in functional functions are an important.
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Extra resources for Natural gas hydrates : a guide for engineers
Sample text
However, the solubility is a function of the temperature and the pressure, and the values for methane are at higher pressures than the other hydrocarbons. Details on how the composition affects whether a hydrate will form are presented in Chapter 9. 7 are not experimental data and should not be substituted for experimental data. 5 Hydrate forming conditions for isobutene. Temp. (°C) Press. (MPa) Phases Composition (mol %) Aqueous Non-Aqu. 55 Notes: Composition for aqueous phase and for the hydrate is the mole percent of the hydrate former (i-C4H10).
Goto Step 4 10. Convergence! Current P is the hydrate pressure. 11. 7 Pseudo code for performing a hydrate pressure estimate using the Katz K-factor method.
2nd ed New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 1998. 8. Clarke EC, Ford RW, Glew DN. Propylene gas hydrate stability. Can J Chem 1964;42:2027–29. 9. Carroll JJ, Mather AE. Phase equilibrium in the system water-hydrogen sulphide: hydrate-forming conditions. Can J Chem Eng 1991;69:1206–12. 10. Carroll JJ, Duan J. Relational expression of the conditions forming hydrates of various components in natural gas. Natural Gas Industry 2002;22(2):66–71. —in Chinese. 11. Carroll JJ. Hydrate formation in ethylene, acetylene, and propylene.