By Committee on Gravitational Physics, National Research Council
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That effect is strongest in highly relativistic systems such as the binary pulsar PSR1913+16. One measure of this decrease in orbital period is the steady shift over time of the time of the pulsar’s closest approach (periastron) to its companion star. The figure above shows the cumulative value of this shift measured by J. Taylor and J. Weisberg at the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico over several decades. The points are their data points. The solid line is the shift predicted by general relativity.
Remarkably, one idea yet to be fully checked is the feature most closely related to the principle of relativity: gravitational waves. Just as interestingly, the eventual detection of gravitational waves will probably provide the best possible way to verify the other most spectacular of the unverified predictions of general relativity: the existence of black holes. There are practical reasons that the earliest relativistic idea about gravity might be among the last to be verified. Compared to electric or magnetic forces, 32 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences.
Astronomical Observations The astronomical observations recommended below have strong arguments for support from astronomy and astrophysics. The ones listed are those that the CGP expects will have the greatest impact on gravitational physics in the next decade. • Use gamma-ray, x-ray, optical, infrared, and radio telescopes on Earth and in space to study the environment near black holes. Such observations provide important insights into the extreme environments from which a broad spectrum of radiation is emitted and can potentially pin down basic properties of black hole candidates, such as their masses and spins.