By A. H. Beck
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Extra info for Gases and Vacua. Handbook of Vacuum Physics
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7> PROPERTIES OF HIGH VACUUM PUMPS 45 Further data on the economics of pumping systems has been given by Barrett and Power <9), Barrett and Dennis (7) , Harper and Smith<33>, Naundorf<52> and Hull<41>. Some aspects will be discussed later in connection with particular pumps and the design of systems. io5, o I io"4 , 1 io3 , 1 io2 Pressure, , , , 1 ιό' torr 1 ι·ο 1 io FIG. 8. Replot of Fig. 6 showing capital cost/unit throughput plotted against pressure for complete pumping unit—according to Harper and Smith,33 3.
Methods have been worked out for changing the pump fluid in large diffusion pumps without interfering with the operation of continuously pumped systems such as environmental test chambers for artificial satellites and space probes (Camack and Hllis<9>). Cold cathode (sputtertype) getter-ion pumps can operate continuously without service for more than 1 yr at pressures below 10~6 torr, but may require cleaning after 5000 hr at 10~6 torr if a pressure of 10~8 torr or lower must subsequently be reached.
DAYTON, B. B. (1963), Trans. S. , pp. 293-300, Macmillan, New York. 16. DEGRAS, D . A. (1960), Advances in Vacuum Science and Technology, E. ), Vol. I, p. 315, Pergamon Press, Oxford. 17. D O N G , W. and BROMLEY, L. A. (1962), Trans. S. Nati Symp. (2nd Int. ), pp. 1116-1132, Pergamon Press, Oxford. 18. EGLI, A. (1935), / . ), 57, 115-122. 18a. ESPE, W. (1960), Werkstoffkunde der Hochvakuumtechnik, VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin. 18b. FLECKEN, F . A. and NÖLLER, H. G. (1962), Trans.