Focus on Homocysteine by Christina Bolander-Gouaille

By Christina Bolander-Gouaille

Over the past 10-12 years, the learn on homocysteine has develop into very energetic. approximately 1500 of articles are actually released every year on homocysteine and the supplements concerned with its metabolism. A disturbed homocysteine metabolism might be an underlying issue for being pregnant issues and fetal malformations, cardiovascular disorder, dementia, psychiatric and neurologic problems and probably carcinogenesis. A disturbed homocysteine metabolism can often be normalised by way of remedy with folate and/or vitamines B12 and B6. a lot of those findings for this reason without delay trouble such a lot practitioners. notwithstanding, if there are reliable stories protecting unmarried points of this examine, those are released in specialized journals. the writer has realised the problems for the practitioner in preserving up to date. This moment version has been completely up to date and likewise deals extra info at the supplementations. Over 1600 references are made on hand.

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199S). 5%. 1997). This might increase the damaging effects and constitute an additional risk factor in smokers due to the reactivity of the sulfhydryl portion of the free reduced form. The mechanisms by which smoking increases the tHcy levels may be manifold. There is some experimental evidence that methylation reactions can be directly influenced by nicotine (Godin and Crooks 1986). Another mechanism could be an enzyme induction in the liver by polycyclic Why do homocy teine levels increa e? 1983).

Clinical cODdition associated with hyperhomocysteinaemia S9 Elevated tHcy levels are related to low SAM levels. An inverse correlation between plasma tHcy and CSF levels of SAM, were found in the CSF of depressed patients, table 4. Significantly decreased SAM levels in CSF, and folate levels both in CSF and RBC were also found in the depressive patients with elevated tHcy levels (Bottiglieri 1996). Table 1. 2. OyA~ versus ne~rol~gicaJ controls. 39. 05. Bolt/gller/. Folate, vitamin BI2 and neuropsychiatric disorders.

There is some evidence that ovarian hormones, especially 17 p-oestradi01 and also tamoxifen, have a cardio-protective effect (Costantino et al. 1997). In a recent study, oestrogen replacement was shown to reverse endothelial dysfunction in postmenopausal women (Bush et al. 1998). 1996). Vitamin supplements lowers tHcy levels. 1999). Diseases with disturbed homocysteine metabolism Renal failure Under physiological conditions, non-protein-bound Hcy is subjected to glomerular filtration in the kidney, but is almost completely reabsorbed in the tubuli and oxidatively catabolized to carbon dioxide and sulphate in the kidney cells.

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