By Rebekka Artz, Dimos Anastasiou, Dominique Arrouays, Ana Catarina Bastos, Antonio Bispo
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Additional resources for European Atlas of Soil Biodiversity (Soil Atlas)
Example text
Several active volcanoes create geothermally heated soils in an otherwise cold environment. e. mosses) and below ground, with several endemic species of bacteria being found at these sites. Summary Evidence shows that there are several types of extreme soil environments occupying a range of terrestrial habitats and that these are inhabited by a unique collection of species, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth. As many of the organisms found in extreme environments have evolved and adapted to a particular set of extreme conditions they are genetically very different from many of the organisms found in more ‘normal’ environments.
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans / Geobacter sp. Ascomycota sp. / Pseudomonads sp. g. Microbacterium arborescens PROVISIONING Other metals and trace elements e. Platform Soil structural stability f. Water storage Soil structural dynamics (porosity) g. Refuge Soil structural dynamics (porosity) h. Biodiversity/genetic resources Reservoir for adaptive and evolutionary processes Source of new biotech pharmaceutical compounds i. Food supply Via primary production, edible fungi j. Biomaterials Antibiotics single-cell protein k.
Although water is crucial for life, the species here seem well adapted: cyanobacteria grow beneath quartz rocks in the soils of the Atacama Desert. The quartz allows light to penetrate and support photosynthesis and the soils beneath the quartz contain more moisture than the exposed surface soils providing a habitat for cyanobacteria. However, these communities may not occur everywhere across this desert with only 2 cyanobacteria and a µ-Proteobacteria species being found in the driest areas (<2 mm precipitation per year).