By Maurizio Gasperini
The normal cosmological photo of our Universe rising from a 'big bang' leaves open many basic questions which string thought, a unified concept of all forces of nature, could be in a position to solution. the 1st ebook devoted to string cosmology, it includes a pedagogical creation to the fundamental notions of the topic. It describes the recent attainable eventualities instructed through string thought for the primordial evolution of our Universe. It discusses the most phenomenological results of those eventualities, stresses their modifications from one another, and compares them to the extra traditional types of inflation. The booklet summarises over 15 years of analysis during this box and introduces present advances. it really is self-contained, so it may be learn through astrophysicists with out wisdom of string idea, and high-energy physicists with little realizing of cosmology. specified and particular derivations of all of the effects offered offer a deeper appreciation of the topic.
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Extra resources for Elements of String Cosmology
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This conclusion could be avoided if some drastic modification of the standard scenario were to take place before reaching the initial singularity. e. on a classical theory which is not guaranteed to be valid when the space-time curvature becomes large in Planck units, and the Universe enters the quantum gravity regime. On the other hand, as already stressed in this section, recent observations indicate that the standard cosmological model has to be modified even at the present low-curvature scales, in order to account for the “cosmic repulsion” producing an accelerated space-time expansion.
50) 2 We can now introduce the so-called “luminosity distance” of the source, defined as the proper distance dL z such that Lem /L0 = 4 dL2 z . For a source located at a distance r z we obtain, using Eq. 51) where the function is defined as x = sinh x if K > 0, x = sin x x = x if K = 0. 52) where the constant is conventionally fixed by defining the apparent magnitude of the pole star to be m = 2 15. Comparing Eqs. e. to the absolute luminosity) of the source (see also [1]). 53) it becomes possible, in principle, to determine the parameters H0 , m t0 , q t0 and q contained in H z .
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