Convective heat and mass transfer by W M Kays; M E Crawford

By W M Kays; M E Crawford

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Calculation of the temperature of a cooled turbine blade or the throat of a rocket nozzle involves convective heat transfer alone, but if a fluid is injected through the surface (transpiration cooling), the problem is also a mass-transfer one. If the surface material is allowed to vaporize and/ or burn to protect it from a high-temperature gas (ablation), we have another combination convective heat- and mass-transfer problem. The aerodynamic heating of high-speed aircraft is a convective heat-transfer process, but it also becomes a mass-transfer process when temperatures are so high that the gas dissociates, forming mass concentration gradients.

L' oz (3-6) 2 a= -P--Jl x a =-P--Jl Y 2 a= -P--Jl z 3 , P is the simple thermodynamic pressure under these assumptions a:hd, for the majority of applications, is the only term of real significance. For a constant-density fluid it is seen later that the second term in each equation is always zero and that only when there are very large velocity gradients in the direction of the stress (last term) does a differ appreciably from P. Analysis of a normal shock wave is an example where all the terms are of significance.

1-2), and this fact has given rise to heat- and mass- transfer analogies. However, it is important to realize that Eq. (1-3) is but a special case of the more general Eq. (1-2). Stated in the simplest possible way, the primary objective of this book is to develop methods to evaluate the functions h and g for a variety of engineering applications. Knowing h, we can evaluate qg given the temperature difference, or vice versa. For the mass-transfer, or combination, problem we also have to learn how to evaluate B, since B is not quite so simple as the temperature difference of the heat-transfer problem.

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