By J.E. Normey-Rico, E.F. Camacho,
This article introduces the elemental ideas for controlling dead-time strategies from easy monovariable to advanced multivariable instances. Dead-time-process-control difficulties are studied utilizing classical proportional-integral-differential (PID) regulate for the easier examples and dead-time-compensator (DTC) and version predictive regulate (MPC) equipment for more and more advanced ones. Downloadable MATLAB® code makes the examples and ideas less complicated and easier.
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Additional resources for Control of Dead-time Processes (Advanced Textbooks in Control and Signal Processing)
Example text
As can be seen, an apparent dead time of approximately 2 s appears in the step response of the system. 1 Dead-time Systems: Some Case Studies 15 Level (%) 80 75 70 65 Level 60 0 5 10 15 20 25 time control (%) 70 60 50 40 30 0 control 5 10 15 20 25 time Fig. 6. Step response of the level of the 8th tank We can generalise the previous analysis for any process having N firstorder elements in series, each having a time constant L/N [30]. That is, the resulting transfer function (a unitary gain is considered for simplicity) is G(s) = 1 (1 + L N N s) .
The step response of a queue of seven cars. Case without reaction dead time and with reaction dead time As in the case of the level in the set of tanks VN (s) = 1 V0 (s), (1 + s/K)N the speed of the last car reacts with an apparent dead time caused by the accumulative effect of the N time constants. 5 and v0 is a step of 50 km/h applied at t = 5 s. Note that the speed of the last car exhibits a dead time of approximately 5 s. , N. Therefore, the behaviour of the last car is determined by the combination of N real dead times and an apparent dead time caused by the N time constants e−N Lr s V0 (s).
Furthermore, as can be seen from the figure, P11 presents nonminimal phase behaviour. The selection of the most appropriate approximation will depend on the type of analysis to be performed. In this analysis, G1 is clearly superior if a simulation model is needed, but P11 seems to be better for a frequency based control design. 3: Consider the heat exchanger of Fig. 16. In this process steam is used for heating water. An increment in the steam flow (Fs ) produces an increment in the outlet water temperature T .