By Andrew S. Pullin
This fantastically illustrated textbook introduces scholars to conservation biology by way of taking the reader on a travel of the numerous and sundry ecosystems of our planet, offering a atmosphere during which to discover the criteria that experience ended in the alarming lack of biodiversity. specifically, the basic difficulties of habitat loss and fragmentation, habitat disturbance and the non-sustainable exploitation of species in either aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are explored. The equipment which were built to deal with those difficulties from the main conventional different types of conservation to new methods at genetic to panorama scales are then mentioned, exhibiting how technology may be placed into perform.
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Example text
Pollinators and flowering plants); and how our ecosystems are shaped by the challenges of the abiotic environment. The study of the spatial distribution of species and habitats has led to the classification of the environments or ecosystem types we have on our planet in terms of the flora and fauna that prevail in them. This is most developed for terrestrial environments, but applies to aquatic ones as well. In this chapter we briefly review major world ecosystems. Brief descriptions are given of the prevailing environmental factors, the way these shape the communities, and how the organisms that live there have evolved to cope with the prevailing conditions.
This is complicated by the atmosphere around the earth, in that cloudy areas have more stable temperatures and clear areas more extreme. The equator is cloudy so has stable temperatures which do not reach as high (or low) as the clear areas at latitudes 30° north and south, where desert dominates. Also, land close to oceans is influenced by sea temperatures so that seasonal changes are less extreme. Fig. 3 The sun’s rays heat the earth’s surface unevenly due to the angle at which they hit the surface at different locations.
Therefore, rather than a journey from the poles to the tropics it is more appropriate to travel from the deep ocean through shallower waters to coastal areas. The deep oceans make up the largest ecosystem on the Earth by some margin – roughly as large as all the rest (aquatic and terrestrial) put together – yet it is one of the least studied and understood. The deep oceans are areas of low nutrient levels and therefore low productivity, comparable to a terrestrial desert, but this does not mean they have few species; on the contrary, as the ocean depths are increasingly studied using new diving technology, we are beginning to appreciate the high diversity of aquatic fauna that lives on or near the ocean floor, where nutrients accumulate.