By J. F. James
This re-creation of a profitable textbook for undergraduate scholars in physics, laptop technology and electric engineering describes very important modern rules in useful technology and knowledge know-how at an comprehensible point, illustrated with labored examples and copious diagrams. the sphere is roofed generally instead of extensive, and comprises references to extra prolonged works on a variety of subject matters. This new version is just a little increased, and comprises extra new fabric within the purposes sections.
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Extra resources for A Student's Guide to Fourier Transforms: With Applications in Physics and Engineering
Example text
It is also worth while doing the calculation for a similar wave, with negative-going slopes instead of positive. 1 The Dirichlet conditions Not all functions can be Fourier-transformed. They are transformable if they fulfil certain conditions, known as the Dirichlet conditions. e. f~oo 1 F(x) 12 dx is finite, which implies that F (x) ---+ 0 as 1x 1---+ 00 F(x) and 4>(p) are single-valued. For example a function such as that in Fig. 1 is not Fourier-transformable: F(x) and 4>(p) are 'piece-wise continuous'.
W - W' is a wavefront (a surface of constant phase) and if we choose a moment when the phase is zero at the origin, the phase at x at that moment is given by (2n / A)x. sin ¢, and the phase factor that must multiply Eo is e(-2rri/A)x sinrjJ. The magnitude at P is then E = Eoe2rriro/A i: A(x)e(-2rri/A)x(sine+sinrjJ) dx and when the Fourier transform is done, the oblique incidence is accounted for by remembering that p = (sine + sin¢)/A. 1 Single-slit diffraction, normal incidence For a single slit with parallel sides, of width a, the aperture function is A(x) TIa(x).
9. The nth sine-coefficient as we saw, is (-1 )n+ l2h I mr. The sum to infinity of the squares is: L-=- J CXl n=l 2 4h rr 2n 2 2 p P2 / [2hX]2 dx -P/2 P - so that finally: This is an example of an arithmetic result coming from a purely analytical calculation. 14159) after one million terms. Using the fact that rr = 6 sin- l OI2), with sin- l obtained by integrating II VI - x 2 term-by-term, is much more efficient. In a rectangular waveform with pulses of length a 14 separated by spaces of length a 14 and with alternate rectangles twice the height of their neighbours, the amplitude of the second harmonic is greater than the fundamental amplitude.