By Jacques Loeb
Excerpt from The Mechanistic belief of existence: organic Essays
The essays contained during this quantity have been written on vary ent events as a rule in accordance with requests for a favored presentation of the result of the author's investigations. The name of the amount characterizes their basic tendency as an try and learn existence from a basically physico-chemical view aspect. for the reason that they deal to a wide quantity with the non-public paintings of the writer, repetition was once unavoidable, yet in View of the technical problems offered by means of many of the themes this can serve to facilitate the knowledge of the subject.
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We conclude from this that with equal illumination of both retinae the symmetrical groups of muscles of both halves of the body will receive equal chemical stimuli and thus reach equal states of contraction, while, when the rate of reaction is unequal, the symmetrical muscles on one side of the body come into stronger action than 40 T he M echanistic C onception of L ife those on the other side. The result of such an inequality of the action of symmetrical muscles of the two sides of the body is a change in the direction of movement on the part of the animal.
From a chemical standpoint the behavior of animals at low intensity is easily to be understood. If a posi tively heliotropic animal is illuminated from one side, a com pulsory turning of the head toward the source of light occurs only when the difference in the rate of certain photochemical reactions in the two eyes reaches a certain value. If the inten sity of the light is sufficient and the active mass of photochemical substance in the animal great enough, it requires only a short time, for instance, the fraction of a second, before the difference in the mass of the reaction products formed on the two sides of the animal reaches the value necessary for the compulsory turning of the head toward the source of light.
1907; “ Intervention des reactions oscillatoires dans les tropismes,” Ass. franc, d. Sciences, 1907. 1 Jennings, The Behavior of Lower Organisms, 1906. 2 Comparative Physiology of the Brain and Comparative Psychology, New York and London, 1900. 3 Paris, “ Bibliothequede philosophic scientifique,” 1909. ‘ Paris, “ Bibliotheque de philosophie contemporaine,” 1911. 56 T he M echanistic C onception of L ife can act, much as acids do for the heliotropism of certain animals, namely, to increase the sensitiveness to certain stimuli, and thus can lead to tropism-like movements or actions directed toward a goal.