By Jonathan Owens
The Arabic grammatical culture is likely one of the nice traditions within the historical past of linguistics, but it's also person who is relatively unknown to fashionable western linguistics. the aim of the current booklet is to supply an creation to this grammatical culture now not in simple terms by way of summarizing it, yet by way of placing it right into a point of view that might make it obtainable to any linguist informed within the western culture. The reader aren't by means of do away with by way of the note ‘medieval’: Arabic grammatical thought stocks a few basic similarities with sleek linguistic conception. certainly, one may possibly argue that one cause Arabic concept has long past unappreciated for therefore lengthy is that not anything love it existed within the West on the time of its ‘discovery’ by way of Europeans within the nineteenth century, while the eu orientalist culture was once shaped, and that it it basically with the advance of a Saussurean and Bloomfieldian structural culture larger point of view has turn into attainable.
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Additional resources for The Foundations of Grammar: An introduction to medieval Arabic grammatical theory
Example text
Notable in this genre is Batalyûsî's Al-Farq bayna 1-Hurufi 1-Xamsa,which takes the sounds /s, s, d, dh, dh/ and defines words/ roots (cf. g. (p. g. (p. ", shr (sahrâ')desert(cf. 4). The method impli citly gives recognition to the paradigmatic phonemic principle, and to syntagmatic (sequential) order. Of further interest to lexicographers was the notion of 'addâd, the study of antonymous and /or contradictory meanings in similar or identical words (cf. Cohen 1961 for discussion) . 6 Quranic interpretation One of the most important sources for the views of ninth century linguists comes from their verse by verse interpretations of the Qur'ân.
18 INTRODUCTION c Ulûmi 1-Balâgha follows Jurjânî closely, while Sakkâkî's Miftâhu l-cUlûm perhaps more than any other work provides this sub-discipline with its own niche within the study of the Arabic language. 5 Lexicography (cf. Wild 1956, Rippen 1983) The first lexicographer was Sîbawaih's teacher Khalî1 who wrote the dictionary Kitâbu 1- Ayn. The lexicographical tradition is carried on by Al-Azharî (Tahdhîbu 1-Lugha)among others. In addition, a lexicogra phical tradition developed around a number of specialized thematic and semantic fields.
Note for instance that while topic (mubtada', lit. "what begins") is not identified (by name) with any one class of items that fills it; there are no separate terms for 'verb', verb as position vs. verb as word class, no distinction comparable to that between predicate (a position) and verb (a word class) . The position of verb (fi 1) is generally filled by a verb (fi 1) , past, present or future (according to the Basran, whose positions I generally follow; cf. 7) . (5) daraba zaydan yadribu zaydan hit Zayd hits "He hit Zayd".