The "Constitution of Medina". Some Notes issue 62 by Uri RUBIN

By Uri RUBIN

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Extra info for The "Constitution of Medina". Some Notes issue 62

Example text

They might skip, skim, or pore over individual letters only as needed to confirm or correct their expectations as to its message. The eyes of the reader do not move smoothly across the letters, words, and phrases of a text while reading. Instead, they leapfrog through the text, alternately pausing on a word and jumping quickly to another. About 95 percent of the time they stop on words. They may skip prepositions, but they fixate on most other words, particularly longer words, regardless of text difficulty.

Until the reader has automatized the word recognition skills, reading may be a laborious and frustrating process. Slow, capacity-draining word recognition uses up the cognitive resources that should be allocated to higher-level processes of text integration and comprehension (Stanovich 1986, p. 364). As a result, neoliterates may understand little of what they read and may avoid this tedious task, thereby practicing less and less. However, there are no data to indicate how the acquisition of automaticity changes from childhood to adulthood.

It is hoped that some future large programs will incorporate such research from their inception and have available the variables necessary to conduct robust studies that will demonstrate relationships between cause and effect. Even if the conclusions of Comings, Shrestha, and Smith (1992)that at least 50 percent of participants tested seem to retain or improve their skillscan be generalized, the efficiency of the programs remains low. If half of the participants remain literate, the average efficiency of about 30 percent at the end of a program drops to 15 percent after some time.

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