By Hilding Bjurstedt M.D (auth.), Hilding Bjurstedt M.D (eds.)
This quantity comprises the communications and discussions of the 1st Inter nationwide Symposium on simple Environmental difficulties of guy in house, which was once held 29 October - 2 November 1962 at Unesco apartment, Paris, lower than the joint sponsorship of the foreign Astronautical Federation (IAF) and the overseas Academy of Astronautics (IAA) with the cooperation and help of Unesco, the overseas Atomic strength company (IAEA) and the realm health and wellbeing association (WHO). At this Symposium 31 communications have been offered, eight of which have been from the USSR, eight from the us, and 15 from different nations, all through particular invitation. The shows, which integrated 3 common overview papers, have been made in ten half-day operating periods via a distinct overseas staff. the professional ceedings weren't limited to the intense specialist elements of guy in house. actually, the vast majority of the mammoth shop of fabric contained during this quantity offers with the extra clinical elements, i. e. with difficulties of the long run, that are con tributed typically by means of traditional parts of body structure and psychophysiology, together with the technical study actions concerning the purchase, research and keep an eye on of biomedical data.
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Additional resources for Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Basic Environmental Problems of Man in Space: Paris, 29 October — 2 November 1962
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The role of aviation medicine should be emphasized in particular since it considerably promoted the development of space medicine. The principal practical result of this stage was the development of medical requirements for a hermetically sealed cabin, for life-support systems, for rescue -and other equipment as well as for scientific instrumentation which were later used in flight experiments. The second stage included the conduct of biological experiments during animal flights in rockets up to the height of 450 - 470 km.
A man loses consciousness at the 15 - 16th second of his stay at such an altitude. In addition to acute oxygen starvation, low barometric pressure produces a damaging effect upon a human organism through vaporizing and boiling processes in the tissues. The phenomenon of boiling (the appearance of emphyzema in the tissues) is observed in warmblooded animals, when barometric pressure is reduced to 47 mm of mercury and lower. Soviet designers developed and used in the "Vostok" spaceships a hermetically sealed cabin where normal barometric pressure was maintained, which reliably protected living organisms from the damaging influence of rarefied atmosphere.
A complex of special training involved airplane flights with weightless ness, a prolonged stay in surdochambers, centrifuge runs, training in a spaceship model, parachute jumps, etc. All these helped to develop habits necessary for a successful flight. As a result a group of persons completely ready for the flight was se1ected. From them Yuri Gagarin was chosen to make the first flight. His historic flight laid the groundwork for the practical mastering of outer space by man. As known, Gagarin's ship made only one revolution around the Earth.