By Thomas M. Graber, Robert L. Vanarsdall
ORTHODONTICS: present rules and methods covers the most recent techniques and top therapy tools to be had. This definitive source is split into sections: analysis and therapy making plans, along with chapters on biomechanical rules and perform, machine functions, and ideas of occlusion; and strategies and remedy, overlaying the equipment and methods at the moment utilized in treating malocclusion.
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Additional info for Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques 3rd Edition
Sample text
Enamel Cracks Cracks, occurring as split lines in the enamel, are common but often are overlooked at clinical examination because most are difficult to distinguish clearly without special technique; generally they do not show up on routine, intraoral photographs (Figure 14-46). Thus finger shadowing in good light or, preferably, fiberoptic transillumination is needed for a proper impression of the crack268 (see Figure 14-46). The origin of cracks is multicausal. Different forms of mechanical and thermal insult may fracture the enamel cap after eruption; this results from the significant difference in rigidity between enamel and dentin.
Lingual Bracket Bonding: Invisible Braces When it became apparent into late 1970s that bonding of brackets was a viable procedure and that esthetic plastic and ceramic brackets were a compromise, placing the brackets on the lingual surfaces of the teeth appeared to be the ultimate esthetic approach (Figures 14-1 and 14-37). 67 Although treating malocclusions successfully from the lingual side is possible,12,88,98,241,242 a combined lingual and buccal segmental approach may offer a number of options with no great esthetic compromises in most patients.
The neighboring brackets are religated first, and then the rebonded bracket is ligated. 206 A loose ceramic bracket should be replaced with a new, intact bracket for optimum bond strength. 139 The main goal of the recycling process is to remove the adhesive from the bracket completely without damaging or weakening the delicate bracket backing or distorting the dimensions of the bracket slot. , Ortho-Cycle). The electropolishing is needed for removal of any tarnish or oxide Graber-Ch-14 28/9/04 12:32 AM Page 612 612 Part II • Techniques and Treatment formed during the elimination of the adhesive from the clogged pad.