By J. Randolph Valentine
This descriptive reference grammar of Nishnaabemwin (Odawa and japanese Ojibwe), a huge dialect staff inside of modern Ojibwe spoken within the region of Lake Huron in Southern Ontario, represents the main entire works on an Algonquin language released thus far. It contains broad descriptive therapy of phonology, orthography, inflectional morphology, derivational morphology, and significant structural and practical syntactic different types. issues of grammar are copiously illustrated with instance sentences listed with thorough grammatical annotations. an intensive word list of ordinary Algonquian linguistic phrases can also be provided.Written for either the start linguist in addition to the coed of Algonquian languages, this grammar presents basic causes of linguistic phrases in addition to a radical and complete research of the language. Nishnaabemwin Reference Grammar represents an enormous contribution to linguistics normally and to Algonquian language research particularly.
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Extra resources for Nishnaabemwin Reference Grammar
Sample text
If there is no visible inflectional morphology on a verb, this can mean either of two things. Either there is no such inflectional morphology present, or the inflectional morphemes do not have phonological content (they are ‘zero’ affixes). There is no reason why zero affixes would be disallowed in polysynthetic languages. e. the properties just mentioned above). It turns out that in Mapudungun, NPs cannot be quantificational and are islands for extraction even where there is no overt object agreement on the verb.
The null subject, which I assume is base-generated in a VP-internal position, may stay in its VP-internal position, and the specifier of AGRP remains truly empty. To summarize: a language with weak AGR must have a filled spec,AGRP prior to spell-out, while a language with strong AGR may leave spec,AGRP empty. Before I go on to discuss languages that lack AGR altogether, let us clarify the relationship between spec,AGRP and the VP-internal subject position. In a language like Italian, pro remains in its VP-internal position until spell-out.
In Kinande, on the other hand, the syntactic behaviour of NPs crucially depends on whether or not there is visible agreement: when there is, the NP behaves like a dislocated constituent, but when there is not, the NP behaves like a constituent in an A-position. As Baker concludes, this indicates that Mapudungun is a polysynthetic language with empty object agreement, whereas Kinande does not have empty agreement, but can leave out agreement altogether (like other Bantu languages such as Swahili; cf.