By Remus Teodorescu
Grid converters are the major participant in renewable power integration. The excessive penetration of renewable strength structures is looking for brand spanking new extra stringent grid standards. for that reason, the grid converters will be capable of convey complex features like: dynamic keep an eye on of energetic and reactive energy, operation inside of quite a lot of voltage and frequency, voltage ride-through potential, reactive present injection in the course of faults, grid providers aid.
This ebook explains the topologies, modulation and regulate of grid converters for either photovoltaic and wind energy functions. as well as strength electronics, this publication specializes in the categorical purposes in photovoltaic wind energy structures the place grid is a necessary factor.
With a evaluation of the latest grid specifications for photovoltaic and wind strength structures, the publication discusses those different suitable issues:
- modern grid inverter topologies for photovoltaic and wind generators
- islanding detection equipment for photovoltaic platforms
- synchronization innovations according to moment order generalized integrators (SOGI)
- advanced synchronization recommendations with strong operation lower than grid unbalance grid filter out layout and lively damping ideas
- power keep watch over lower than grid fault stipulations, contemplating either optimistic and unfavorable sequences
Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and Wind energy Systems is meant as a coursebook for graduated scholars with a history in electric engineering and likewise for execs within the evolving renewable strength undefined. for individuals from academia attracted to adopting the direction, a suite of slides is accessible for obtain from the web site. www.wiley.com/go/grid_converters
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Additional resources for Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Systems
Example text
15 Neutral clamped half-bridge P1: OTA/XYZ P2: ABC c02 BLBK295-Teodorescu November 11, 2010 19:37 22 Printer Name: Yet to Come Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Systems PV Array Filter NPC inverter Filter PV Array Grid Filter NPC inverter D1 S1 VPV 2 VPV CPV 1 D+ D2 S2 VPV 2 D3 Vg S3 CPV 2 VPV 2 D4 N Vg > 0, I g > 0. S1 and S2 = ON, S3 and S4 = OFF S1 is switched at high frequency. S2 is switched at line frequency PV Array Filter NPC inverter Filter VPE Grid D4 D+ S2 B Filter NPC inverter CPV 2 VPV 2 D− D+ S3 Vg CPV 2 VPV 2 D− S1 is switched at high frequency.
1, Test Procedure of Islanding Prevention Measures for Utility-Interconnected Photovoltaic Inverters, IEC 82/402/CD, 2005. [8] VDE V 0126-1-1, Automatic Disconnection Device between a Generator and the Public Low-Voltage Grid, Document 0126003, VDE Verlag, 2006. [9] IEC 61000-3-2 Ed. 0, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-2: Limits – Limits for Harmonic Current Emissions (Equipment Input Current ≤16 A per Phase), November 2005. ISBN 2-8318-8353-9. [10] IEC 61000-3-12, Ed. 1, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-12:Limits – Limits for Harmonic Currents Produced by Equipment Connected to Public Low-Voltage Systems with Input Current >16 A and ≤75 A per Phase, November 2004.
16 The switching states of the NPC-HB inverter in the case of generating: (a) positive current and (b) negative current The main features of this converter are: r S1 (S4) are switched at high frequency and S2 (S3) at grid frequency. r Two zero voltage states are possible: S2, D+ = ON and S3, D− = ON. For operation out of unitary power factors S1 and S3 switch in opposition for Vg > 0, Ig < 0, and S2 and S4 for Vg < 0, Ig > 0. Advantages: r Voltage across the filter is unipolar (0 → +VPV → 0 → −VPV → 0), yielding lower core losses.