Graph Symmetry: Algebraic Methods and Applications (NATO by Gena Hahn, Gert Sabidussi

By Gena Hahn, Gert Sabidussi

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Example text

Because the luminous exitance M is found by M = E, the luminous exitance of the white portion is M = 0 9 × 744 = 670 lm/m2 , and that of the black portion is M = 0 03 × 744 = 22 lm/m2 . These values are in good agreement with the brightness sensed by the eye. However, the light is reflected from the page in all directions, and only a small portion of it enters the eye. If the reflectance varies with the direction of viewing, as 34 LIGHT, VISION AND PHOTOMETRY it does for a glossy ink for example, exitance would not be a good indicator of brightness because it measures the total reflected flux.

Because the luminous exitance M is found by M = E, the luminous exitance of the white portion is M = 0 9 × 744 = 670 lm/m2 , and that of the black portion is M = 0 03 × 744 = 22 lm/m2 . These values are in good agreement with the brightness sensed by the eye. However, the light is reflected from the page in all directions, and only a small portion of it enters the eye. If the reflectance varies with the direction of viewing, as 34 LIGHT, VISION AND PHOTOMETRY it does for a glossy ink for example, exitance would not be a good indicator of brightness because it measures the total reflected flux.

Thus, the whole surface of a sphere yields a solid angle of 4 sr because the surface area of a sphere is 4 r 2 . 6 PHOTOMETRIC UNITS In the SI (the International System of units), luminous intensity is a base unit. The SI evolved from the MKSA unit system. 19 Definition of radiometric and photometric quantities. Reproduced by permission of Ohm Sha PHOTOMETRIC UNITS 23 mol) for amount of substance, and the candela (abbreviated cd) for luminous intensity are added to the four basic units of the MKSA system — meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s), and ampere (A) — to provide the seven base units of the SI.

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