By Michael W. Whittle
An exam of a patient's skill to stroll is applied as an reduction to prognosis or as an evaluation of remedy. This research offers a evaluation of the fundamental sciences of anatomy and body structure, and the biomechanics of ordinary and pathological gait, emphasizing medical and clinical research
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Extra resources for Gait Analysis. An Introduction
Sample text
As with linear motion, angular acceleration will only occur if there is an application of force. The detailed mathematics of angular velocity and angular acceleration are beyond the scope of this book, but it is worth saying a few words about the general concepts. Angular velocity is measured as angle turned per unit time, usually as degrees per second or radians per second. Angular acceleration is similarly expressed in degrees (or radians) per second per second. The radian is an obscure unit to nonmathematicians - it is the ratio, within the arc of a circle, of the length of the arc to the radius of the circle.
There is an extremely complicated arrangement of membranes surrounding the myofibrils within the muscle fiber. It is responsible for the transport of nutrients and waste products, and the transmission of the muscle action potential. Outside the muscle fibers are the blood capillaries and the terminal branches of the motor nerves, each of which terminates in a motor endplate, which makes a synapse-like connection to a muscle fiber at a neuromuscular junction. On average, a single motor nerve will connect to about 150 muscle fibers, the combination of the neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates being known as a motor unit.
In each double support phase, one foot is forward, having just landed on the ground; and the other one is backward, being just about to leave the ground. The foot which is forward is sometimes referred to as being in 'braking double support', 'loading response' or 'weight acceptance'. The backward leg is in 'thrusting double support', 'pre-swing', 'terminal stance' or 'weight release'. Foot placement The terms used to describe the placement of the feet on the ground are shown in Fig. 3. The stride length is the distance between two successive placements of the same foot.