By Dr Rodney H. Jones, Dr Lock Graham
A collection of straightforward to take advantage of strategies is helping scholars become aware of for themselves how grammar works in genuine global contexts and the way grammatical offerings will not be as regards to shape yet approximately which means. pattern educating rules, overlaying quite a lot of grammatical themes together with verb demanding, voice, reference and the association of texts, accompanies every one approach.
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Functional Grammar in the ESL Classroom: Noticing, Exploring and Practicing
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Extra resources for Functional Grammar in the ESL Classroom: Noticing, Exploring and Practicing
Example text
Have students practise producing the feature in an appropriate way in similar conversations or texts. ), affirm things (it is, they did) or deny things (it isn’t, they didn’t). g. probability and obligation). g. g. , he did go and he might go). Another challenging feature of English conversation is that when we ‘pick up’ and repeat clauses from other speakers, we are often able to leave out certain parts of the original clause because they are easily assumed or understood. For example: A: Did you pass the test?
This is sometimes referred to as the information focus. This activity begins with the teacher exploring with the students the difference between adjuncts as topics and adjuncts as information focus. They then use this awareness to decide how a text might be improved by moving some of the time and space adjuncts to topic position. Further reading For brief accounts of the placement of adjuncts, see Sinclair et al. 92 and Parrott (2000) pp. 274––7. For readings on topic and information focus, see the further reading section of the previous lesson of this chapter.
Step 6 In discussing with the students their own answers, it is important not to lead them to think that only sequences that conform to the original are correct. Some points that have come up in tryouts of this activity are: i. Some students thought they should move all the time adjuncts to the beginning of the clause. However, in the first sentence, it would be odd to move the time and place phrases to the beginning because (a) they are new information, and (b) the arrival of 42 Functional Grammar in the ESL Classroom Anna and her friend in London can be considered known information (note: the title is ‘Our Trip to London’).