Disorders of Peripheral and Central Auditory Processing by Gastone Celesia

By Gastone Celesia

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3. Gradients, functional modules and synaptic domains To what extent do ascending, descending and commissural inputs that converge on the fibrodendritic laminae of the CNIC become integrated, possibly through intrinsic circuitry, within a single tonotopic map? It is clear from animal experimentation that ascending inputs from the brainstem make a proportionally greater contribution dorsally in the nucleus while inputs from descending sources are more strongly represented ventrally. , is there a “nucleotopic” organization that overlays the tonotopic framework of the IC?

The globus pallidus and substantia nigra, two forebrain structures involved in initiation of movement, are also major non-auditory sources of input to the lateral and dorsal cortex. Lateral cortex receives little or no direct lemniscal input, deriving its auditory input intrinsically or from auditory cortex. In response to acoustic stimulation its neurons exhibit long latency and broad frequency tuning as compared to CNIC. , 1992). Lateral cortex neurons may respond to cutaneous and acoustic stimulation, suggesting a somatic–auditory interaction that could form the basis of sensing body position with respect to sound source location.

Neurons of the MGBd and MGBm receive major input arising from the dorsal and lateral ICC and, hence, are considered part of a parallel non-lemniscal or extralemniscal thalamo-cortical pathway. The MGBm is a multisensory nucleus that projects to multiple auditory fields. The MGB is more than a simple gateway to the cortex. Perhaps no more than about 20% of the thousands of synapses that impinge upon MGB neurons are derived from axons of pathways originating in the cochlea. Most synaptic inputs arise from multiple sources, some from the cortex itself, that impart a dynamic influence on information passed to the cortex reflecting the organism’s behavioral state, such as attention and arousal.

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