Cosmos and Hearth: A Cosmopolite's Viewpoint by Yi-Fu Tuan

By Yi-Fu Tuan

In a quantity that represents the end result of his life's paintings in contemplating the connection among tradition and panorama, eminent pupil Yi-Fu Tuan argues that "cosmos" and "hearth" are scales that anchor what it ability to be totally and fortunately human. Illustrating this rivalry with examples from either his local China and his domestic of the prior 40 years, the us, Tuan proposes a revised belief of tradition, one completely grounded in one's personal society but in addition embracing interest in regards to the international. positive and deeply human, this significant quantity lays out a route to being "at domestic within the cosmos."

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In the Soviet (and communist) understanding of human reality, the cultural is superstructure: what matter and therefore must remain in the hands of the central government are the hard economic and political facts. The People's Republic, during the 19505, had come under the in- 54 CHINA fluence of this point of view. It set up various types of autonomous regions and encouraged cultural diversity. 53 Encouragement of ethnic-cultural displays and festivals might have received its most direct impetus and inspiration from Soviet practice.

15 Cosmic Menagerie Cosmic harmony and Confucian humanism are the most refined and, in some ways, also the most distinctive achievements of Chi- 28 CHINA nese culture. To moralists, they alone have an unambiguous claim to pride. But China was also a worldly empire, its emperors were potentates, its courtiers and officials connoisseurs of prestige even as they were connoisseurs of art. And so, to render my picture of China more complete, certain worldly components—cosmic menagerie (as distinct from cosmic harmony) and the secular world of strangers in the marketplace (as distinct from the ritualized behavior of Confucian humanism)—need to be added.

Of course, peasant practices do not exactly replicate those of the elite. Magical and supernatural elements play a more prominent role in village ceremonies and festivals. They are tolerated by local officials, who see a belief in the supernatural and the bizarre as the effect of a lack of Confucian education and enlightenment. Where different customs occur, usually in the less accessible parts of remoter provinces, they suggest incomplete assimilation—that is, the presence of populations, originally non-Han, that became Sinicized but not in all respects.

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