Basic Concepts of Quantum Mechanics by L.V. Tarasov

By L.V. Tarasov

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Moreover, the extent depends, in particular, on the conditions under which the microparticle is considered. While in classical physics a corpuscle and a wave are two mutually exclusive extremities (either particle, or wave), these extremities, at the level of microphenomena, combine dialectically within the framework of a single microparticle. This is known as wave-particle duality. The idea of duality was first applied to electromagnetic radiation. 10) Later (from 1923), these particles became known as photons.

Ii J V Ax U ~ -7 -,... 3 Uncertainty Relations Let us consider an aggregate of a large number of plane waves (the nature of waves is not important) propagating, say, along the x-axis. Let the frequencies of the waves be "spread" over a certain interval ~ffi, and the values of the wave vector, over an interval ~kx. If all these plane waves are superimposed on one another, we get a wave formation limited in space called a wave packet (Fig. 1). 1) do 1. These relations are well known in classical physics.

Evaluation of the "Blurring" of the Optical Absorption Band Edge in the Franz-Keldysh Effect 44 By taking the zero-point oscillations into account, one may arrive at the following interesting conclusion: the energy of the oscillatory motion of atoms in a crystal does not vanish even at absolute zero. The zero-point oscillations illustrate a basically general circumstance: it is impossible to find a microparticle at the "bottom of the potential well", or, in other words "a microparticle cannot fall to the bottom of the potential well".

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