Algae for Biofuels and Energy by Michael A. Borowitzka (auth.), Michael A. Borowitzka, Navid

By Michael A. Borowitzka (auth.), Michael A. Borowitzka, Navid R. Moheimani (eds.)

Microalgae are some of the most studied strength assets of biofuels and bioenergy. This booklet covers the major steps within the construction of renewable biofuels from microalgae - pressure choice, tradition platforms, inorganic carbon utilisation, lipid metabolism and caliber, hydrogen construction, genetic engineering, biomass harvesting, extraction. Greenhouse gasoline and techno-economic modelling are reviewed as is the a hundred 12 months heritage of microalgae as assets of biofuels and of commercial-scale microalgae tradition. A precis of suitable easy ordinary equipment utilized in the learn of microalgae tradition is equipped. The publication is meant for the professional and people beginning paintings within the field.​

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1998). In the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum, dark exposure led to a reduced content of TAG and galactosylglycerides, while the total content of phospholipids changed little with decreased PC, PE and PG and increased PS, PA and PI levels. The decrease of TAG and galactosylglycerides was in parallel to an increase in the activity of b-oxidation and isocitrate lyase indicating that TAG and galactosylglycerides were utilized as alternative carbon sources by the cells under non-photosynthetic growth conditions (McLarnon-Riches et al.

The first condensation reaction in fatty acid synthesis is catalysed by b-ketoacyl-ACP synthase III (KAS III) that uses acetyl-CoA and malonyl-ACP substrates to give a 4C-keto-intermediate. Successive reduction, dehydration, and a second reduction then produce a 4C fatty acid, butyrate, with all reactions taking place while esterified to acyl carrier protein (ACP). The next six condensations are catalysed by KAS I to produce 6-16C fatty acids. The final reaction between palmitoyl-ACP and malonyl-ACP uses KAS II and results in synthesis of stearate.

In algae, ACCase has been purified and characterised from the diatom Cyclotella cryptica and it showed a high similarity to higher plant ACCase (Roessler 1990). ACCase from this alga was not inhibited by cyclohexanedione or aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides as strongly as monocotyledon ACCase but was strongly inhibited by palmitoyl-CoA. In this respect, the diatom enzyme more closely resembled ACCase from dicotyledonous plants than the enzyme from monocotyledonous plants (Roessler 1990). In Isochrysis galbana, grown under various environmental conditions, lipid synthesis and accumulation were related to the in vitro activity and cellular abundance of ACCase (Sukenik and Livne 1991).

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